Someone who hid 44 gold coins in a wall in the seventh century may have hoped to return and find their treasure one day. Instead, the coins were discovered almost 1,400 years later by Israeli archaeologists, who hailed the find as a rare glimpse into an ancient past during a time of violent conquest.
The hoard was discovered at Banias, formerly known as Panaeas, an important spiritual site to successive cultures throughout history, according to the Israeli Antiquities Authority on Monday.
The pure gold coins, weighing approximately 170 grams (6 ounces), bear the effigies of emperors Phocas (602-610 A.D.) and Heraclius (610-644 A.D.), leading experts to believe they were hidden during the Muslim conquest of the area in 635.
“The discovery reflects a specific moment in time when we can imagine the owner concealing his fortune in the threat of war, hoping to return one day to retrieve his property,” said the excavation’s director, Yoav Lerer, in a statement.
“In retrospect, we can see that he was unlucky.”
The coins also reveal new information about the economy of the area during the last 40 years of Byzantine rule.
The Byzantine Empire, centered in what is now Istanbul, was a continuation of the Roman Empire after its collapse in the West in 410 A.D., following the sack of Rome by barbarian tribes. The eastern empire would last another 1,000 years, but it would lose several provinces to Muslim conquests in the seventh century, right around the time the coins were hidden in the wall.
“The majority of the coins are of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius,” said Gabriela Bijovsky, an ancient coin expert who examined the hoard, in a news release.
“What is especially interesting is that in his early years as Emperor, only his portrait was depicted on the coin, but after a short time, the images of his sons also appear,” Bijovsky said.
“From childhood until their image appears the same size as their father, who is depicted with a long beard, one can actually follow his sons growing up.”

There were also relics of pottery kilns, buildings, water channels, and other coins discovered.
Banias, which is now a national park, has played an important spiritual role in several cultures. It was originally a Canaanite shrine to the god Baal before being renamed Pan in the Hellenistic era after the half-man, half-goat god of shepherds and fertility.
The city reached its zenith during the reign of Herod and his son Philip II, who renamed it Caesarea in honor of the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus.
Before receiving the keys to the kingdom of heaven, St. Peter declared Jesus to be the son of God, according to Christian tradition.
Banias is located in the Golan Heights, which Israel captured from Syria in the 1967 Six-Day War and later annexed, promoting settlements and a thriving tourism industry. Former President Donald Trump recognized Israel’s sovereignty over the area in 2019, sparking outrage in Damascus, but the rest of the international community considers the territory to be Israeli-occupied.

Experts believe the coins were hidden during the region’s Muslim conquest in 635.
The Israel Electric Corporation, which is working to connect the nearby Druze holy site of Nabi Khadr to the national electricity grid, funded the Banias excavation.
The find is being hailed as significant as the discovery earlier this year of a church that archaeologists claimed was St. Peter’s birthplace.
“The gold coin hoard is on par with the recently discovered Byzantine Church, possibly the Church of Saint Peter,” said Raya Shurky, director of the National Parks Authority, in a news release.
“Among the discoveries are remnants of a mosaic floor and a stone engraved with numerous crosses, indicating that Banias became a Christian pilgrimage site.”
Source Credit: NBCnews.com
Photo Credit: Antiquities Authority of Israel